rclone(1) rclone(1)

Rclone syncs your files to cloud storage

   • About rclone

   • What can rclone do for you?

   • What features does rclone have?

   • What providers does rclone support?

   • Download (https://rclone.org/downloads/)

   • Install (https://rclone.org/install/)

   • Donate. (https://rclone.org/donate/)

About rclone

   Rclone  is  a command-line program to manage files on cloud storage.  It is a feature-rich alternative to cloud vendors' web storage interfaces.
   Over 40 cloud storage products support rclone including S3 object stores, business & consumer file storage services, as well as standard  trans‐
   fer protocols.

   Rclone has powerful cloud equivalents to the unix commands rsync, cp, mv, mount, ls, ncdu, tree, rm, and cat.  Rclone's familiar syntax includes
   shell pipeline support, and --dry-run protection.  It is used at the command line, in scripts or via its API.

   Users call rclone "The Swiss army knife of cloud storage", and "Technology indistinguishable from magic".

   Rclone really looks after your data.  It preserves timestamps and verifies checksums at all times.  Transfers over limited bandwidth;  intermit‐
   tent  connections,  or  subject  to  quota  can  be  restarted,  from  the  last  good file transferred.  You can check (https://rclone.org/com‐
   mands/rclone_check/) the integrity of your files.  Where possible, rclone employs server-side transfers to  minimise  local  bandwidth  use  and
   transfers from one provider to another without using local disk.

   Virtual  backends wrap local and cloud file systems to apply encryption (https://rclone.org/crypt/), compression (https://rclone.org/compress/),
   chunking (https://rclone.org/chunker/), hashing (https://rclone.org/hasher/) and joining (https://rclone.org/union/).

   Rclone mounts (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/) any local, cloud or virtual filesystem as a disk on Windows, macOS, linux and FreeBSD,
   and  also serves these over SFTP (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_sftp/), HTTP (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_http/), WebDAV
   (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_webdav/),  FTP  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_ftp/)  and   DLNA   (https://rclone.org/com‐
   mands/rclone_serve_dlna/).

   Rclone  is  mature, open-source software originally inspired by rsync and written in Go (https://golang.org).  The friendly support community is
   familiar with varied use cases.  Official Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Brew and Chocolatey repos.  include rclone.  For the latest version  download‐
   ing from rclone.org (https://rclone.org/downloads/) is recommended.

   Rclone  is  widely used on Linux, Windows and Mac.  Third-party developers create innovative backup, restore, GUI and business process solutions
   using the rclone command line or API.

   Rclone does the heavy lifting of communicating with cloud storage.

What can rclone do for you?

   Rclone helps you:

   • Backup (and encrypt) files to cloud storage

   • Restore (and decrypt) files from cloud storage

   • Mirror cloud data to other cloud services or locally

   • Migrate data to the cloud, or between cloud storage vendors

   • Mount multiple, encrypted, cached or diverse cloud storage as a disk

   • Analyse and account for data held  on  cloud  storage  using  lsf  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_lsf/),  ljson  (https://rclone.org/com‐
     mands/rclone_lsjson/), size (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_size/), ncdu (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_ncdu/)

   • Union (https://rclone.org/union/) file systems together to present multiple local and/or cloud file systems as one

Features

   • Transfers

     • MD5, SHA1 hashes are checked at all times for file integrity

     • Timestamps are preserved on files

     • Operations can be restarted at any time

     • Can be to and from network, e.g.  two different cloud providers

     • Can use multi-threaded downloads to local disk

   • Copy (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/) new or changed files to cloud storage

   • Sync (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/) (one way) to make a directory identical

   • Move (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_move/) files to cloud storage deleting the local after verification

   • Check (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/) hashes and for missing/extra files

   • Mount (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/) your cloud storage as a network disk

   • Serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  local  or  remote  files over HTTP (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_http/)/WebDav
     (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_webdav/)/FTP      (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_ftp/)/SFTP      (https://rclone.org/com‐
     mands/rclone_serve_sftp/)/dlna (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve_dlna/)

   • Experimental Web based GUI (https://rclone.org/gui/)

Supported providers

   (There are many others, built on standard protocols such as WebDAV or S3, that work out of the box.)

   • 1Fichier

   • Akamai Netstorage

   • Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) Object Storage System (OSS)

   • Amazon Drive

   • Amazon S3

   • Backblaze B2

   • Box

   • Ceph

   • China Mobile Ecloud Elastic Object Storage (EOS)

   • Citrix ShareFile

   • C14

   • DigitalOcean Spaces

   • Digi Storage

   • Dreamhost

   • Dropbox

   • Enterprise File Fabric

   • FTP

   • Google Cloud Storage

   • Google Drive

   • Google Photos

   • HDFS

   • HTTP

   • Hubic

   • Jottacloud

   • IBM COS S3

   • Koofr

   • Mail.ru Cloud

   • Memset Memstore

   • Mega

   • Memory

   • Microsoft Azure Blob Storage

   • Microsoft OneDrive

   • Minio

   • Nextcloud

   • OVH

   • OpenDrive

   • OpenStack Swift

   • Oracle Cloud Storage

   • ownCloud

   • pCloud

   • premiumize.me

   • put.io

   • QingStor

   • Rackspace Cloud Files

   • rsync.net

   • Scaleway

   • Seafile

   • Seagate Lyve Cloud

   • SeaweedFS

   • SFTP

   • Sia

   • StackPath

   • Storj

   • SugarSync

   • Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS)

   • Uptobox

   • Wasabi

   • WebDAV

   • Yandex Disk

   • Zoho WorkDrive

   • The local filesystem

   Links

   • Home page (https://rclone.org/)

   • GitHub project page for source and bug tracker (https://github.com/rclone/rclone)

   • Rclone Forum (https://forum.rclone.org)

   • Downloads (https://rclone.org/downloads/)

Install

   Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.

Quickstart

   • Download (https://rclone.org/downloads/) the relevant binary.

   • Extract the rclone executable, rclone.exe on Windows, from the archive.

   • Run rclone config to setup.  See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.

   • Optionally configure automatic execution.

   See below for some expanded Linux / macOS instructions.

   See the usage (https://rclone.org/docs/) docs for how to use rclone, or run rclone -h.

   Already  installed  rclone  can  be easily updated to the latest version using the rclone selfupdate (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_selfup‐
   date/) command.

Script installation

   To install rclone on Linux/macOS/BSD systems, run:

          curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash

   For beta installation, run:

          curl https://rclone.org/install.sh | sudo bash -s beta

   Note that this script checks the version of rclone installed first and won't re-download if not needed.

Linux installation from precompiled binary

   Fetch and unpack

          curl -O https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone-current-linux-amd64.zip
          unzip rclone-current-linux-amd64.zip
          cd rclone-*-linux-amd64

   Copy binary file

          sudo cp rclone /usr/bin/
          sudo chown root:root /usr/bin/rclone
          sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/rclone

   Install manpage

          sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/share/man/man1
          sudo cp rclone.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/
          sudo mandb

   Run rclone config to setup.  See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.

          rclone config

macOS installation with brew

          brew install rclone

   NOTE: This version of rclone will not support mount any more (see #5373 (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/5373)).  If mounting is  wanted
   on macOS, either install a precompiled binary or enable the relevant option when installing from source.

macOS installation from precompiled binary, using curl

   To avoid problems with macOS gatekeeper enforcing the binary to be signed and notarized it is enough to download with curl.

   Download the latest version of rclone.

          cd && curl -O https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone-current-osx-amd64.zip

   Unzip the download and cd to the extracted folder.

          unzip -a rclone-current-osx-amd64.zip && cd rclone-*-osx-amd64

   Move rclone to your $PATH.  You will be prompted for your password.

          sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
          sudo mv rclone /usr/local/bin/

   (the mkdir command is safe to run, even if the directory already exists).

   Remove the leftover files.

          cd .. && rm -rf rclone-*-osx-amd64 rclone-current-osx-amd64.zip

   Run rclone config to setup.  See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.

          rclone config

macOS installation from precompiled binary, using a web browser

   When  downloading a binary with a web browser, the browser will set the macOS gatekeeper quarantine attribute.  Starting from Catalina, when at‐
   tempting to run rclone, a pop-up will appear saying:

          “rclone” cannot be opened because the developer cannot be verified.
          macOS cannot verify that this app is free from malware.

   The simplest fix is to run

          xattr -d com.apple.quarantine rclone

Install with docker

   The rclone maintains a docker image for rclone (https://hub.docker.com/r/rclone/rclone).  These images are autobuilt  by  docker  hub  from  the
   rclone source based on a minimal Alpine linux image.

   The  :latest  tag  will always point to the latest stable release.  You can use the :beta tag to get the latest build from master.  You can also
   use version tags, e.g.  :1.49.1, :1.49 or :1.

          $ docker pull rclone/rclone:latest
          latest: Pulling from rclone/rclone
          Digest: sha256:0e0ced72671989bb837fea8e88578b3fc48371aa45d209663683e24cfdaa0e11
          ...
          $ docker run --rm rclone/rclone:latest version
          rclone v1.49.1
          - os/arch: linux/amd64
          - go version: go1.12.9

   There are a few command line options to consider when starting an rclone Docker container from the rclone image.

   • You need to mount the host rclone config dir at /config/rclone into the Docker container.  Due to the fact that rclone updates  tokens  inside
     its  config  file, and that the update process involves a file rename, you need to mount the whole host rclone config dir, not just the single
     host rclone config file.

   • You need to mount a host data dir at /data into the Docker container.

   • By default, the rclone binary inside a Docker container runs with UID=0 (root).  As a result, all files created in a run will have UID=0.   If
     your config and data files reside on the host with a non-root UID:GID, you need to pass these on the container start command line.

   • If you want to access the RC interface (either via the API or the Web UI), it is required to set the --rc-addr to :5572 in order to connect to
     it   from   outside   the   container.    An   explanation   about   why   this   is    necessary    is    present    here    (https://web.ar‐
     chive.org/web/20200808071950/https://pythonspeed.com/articles/docker-connection-refused/).

     • NOTE:  Users  running  this  container  with  the  docker  network  set  to  host  should  probably set it to listen to localhost only, with
       127.0.0.1:5572 as the value for --rc-addr

   • It is possible to use rclone mount inside a userspace Docker container, and expose the resulting fuse mount to the host.  The exact docker run
     options to do that might vary slightly between hosts.  See, e.g.  the discussion in this thread (https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/9448).

     You also need to mount the host /etc/passwd and /etc/group for fuse to work inside the container.

   Here are some commands tested on an Ubuntu 18.04.3 host:

          # config on host at ~/.config/rclone/rclone.conf
          # data on host at ~/data

          # make sure the config is ok by listing the remotes
          docker run --rm \
              --volume ~/.config/rclone:/config/rclone \
              --volume ~/data:/data:shared \
              --user $(id -u):$(id -g) \
              rclone/rclone \
              listremotes

          # perform mount inside Docker container, expose result to host
          mkdir -p ~/data/mount
          docker run --rm \
              --volume ~/.config/rclone:/config/rclone \
              --volume ~/data:/data:shared \
              --user $(id -u):$(id -g) \
              --volume /etc/passwd:/etc/passwd:ro --volume /etc/group:/etc/group:ro \
              --device /dev/fuse --cap-add SYS_ADMIN --security-opt apparmor:unconfined \
              rclone/rclone \
              mount dropbox:Photos /data/mount &
          ls ~/data/mount
          kill %1

Install from source

   Make  sure  you have at least Go (https://golang.org/) go1.15 installed.  Download go (https://golang.org/dl/) if necessary.  The latest release
   is recommended.  Then

          git clone https://github.com/rclone/rclone.git
          cd rclone
          go build
          # If on macOS and mount is wanted, instead run: make GOTAGS=cmount
          ./rclone version

   This will leave you a checked out version of rclone you can modify and send pull requests with.  If you use make instead of go  build  then  the
   rclone build will have the correct version information in it.

   You can also build the latest stable rclone with:

          go get github.com/rclone/rclone

   or the latest version (equivalent to the beta) with

          go get github.com/rclone/rclone@master

   These will build the binary in $(go env GOPATH)/bin (~/go/bin/rclone by default) after downloading the source to the go module cache.  Note - do
   not use the -u flag here.  This causes go to try to update the dependencies that rclone uses and sometimes these don't  work  with  the  current
   version of rclone.

Installation with Ansible

   This can be done with Stefan Weichinger's ansible role (https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible-rclone).

   Instructions

   1. git clone https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible-rclone.git into your local roles-directory

   2. add the role to the hosts you want rclone installed to:

          - hosts: rclone-hosts
            roles:
                - rclone

Portable installation

   As  mentioned  above (https://rclone.org/install/#quickstart), rclone is single executable (rclone, or rclone.exe on Windows) that you can down‐
   load as a zip archive and extract into a location of your choosing.  When executing different commands, it may create files in  different  loca‐
   tions,  such  as  a  configuration file and various temporary files.  By default the locations for these are according to your operating system,
   e.g.  configuration file in your user profile directory and temporary files in the standard temporary directory, but you can  customize  all  of
   them, e.g.  to make a completely self-contained, portable installation.

   Run the config paths (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_config_paths/) command to see the locations that rclone will use.

   To  override  them  set the corresponding options (as command-line arguments, or as environment variables (https://rclone.org/docs/#environment-
   variables)): -  --config  (https://rclone.org/docs/#config-config-file)  -  --cache-dir  (https://rclone.org/docs/#cache-dir-dir)  -  --temp-dir
   (https://rclone.org/docs/#temp-dir-dir)

Autostart

   After  installing  and configuring rclone, as described above, you are ready to use rclone as an interactive command line utility.  If your goal
   is to perform periodic operations, such as a regular sync (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/), you will probably want to  configure  your
   rclone   command   in   your   operating   system's   scheduler.   If  you  need  to  expose  service-like  features,  such  as  remote  control
   (https://rclone.org/rc/), GUI (https://rclone.org/gui/), serve  (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/)  or  mount  (https://rclone.org/com‐
   mands/rclone_move/),  you will often want an rclone command always running in the background, and configuring it to run in a service infrastruc‐
   ture may be a better option.  Below are some alternatives on how to achieve this on different operating systems.

   NOTE: Before setting up autorun it is highly recommended that you have tested your command manually from a Command Prompt first.

Autostart on Windows

   The most relevant alternatives for autostart on Windows are: - Run at user log on using the Startup folder - Run  at  user  log  on,  at  system
   startup or at schedule using Task Scheduler - Run at system startup using Windows service

Running in background

   Rclone  is  a  console  application, so if not starting from an existing Command Prompt, e.g.  when starting rclone.exe from a shortcut, it will
   open a Command Prompt window.  When configuring rclone to run from task scheduler and windows service you are able to set it to  run  hidden  in
   background.   From  rclone  version 1.54 you can also make it run hidden from anywhere by adding option --no-console (it may still flash briefly
   when the program starts).  Since rclone normally writes information and any error messages to the console, you must redirect this to a  file  to
   be able to see it.  Rclone has a built-in option --log-file for that.

   Example command to run a sync in background:

          c:\rclone\rclone.exe sync c:\files remote:/files --no-console --log-file c:\rclone\logs\sync_files.txt

User account

   As  mentioned  in the mount (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_move/) documentation, mounted drives created as Administrator are not visible to
   other accounts, not even the account that was elevated as Administrator.  By running the mount command as the built-in SYSTEM user  account,  it
   will create drives accessible for everyone on the system.  Both scheduled task and Windows service can be used to achieve this.

   NOTE:  Remember  that when rclone runs as the SYSTEM user, the user profile that it sees will not be yours.  This means that if you normally run
   rclone with configuration file in the default location, to be able to use the same configuration when running as the system user  you  must  ex‐
   plicitely  tell rclone where to find it with the --config (https://rclone.org/docs/#config-config-file) option, or else it will look in the sys‐
   tem users profile path (C:\Windows\System32\config\systemprofile).  To test your command manually from a Command Prompt, you can run it with the
   PsExec  (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psexec)  utility  from Microsoft's Sysinternals suite, which takes option -s to
   execute commands as the SYSTEM user.

Start from Startup folder

   To quickly execute an rclone command you can simply create a standard Windows Explorer shortcut for the complete rclone command you want to run.
   If  you store this shortcut in the special "Startup" start-menu folder, Windows will automatically run it at login.  To open this folder in Win‐
   dows  Explorer,  enter  path  %APPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\Start  Menu\Programs\Startup,  or   C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start   Menu\Pro‐
   grams\StartUp if you want the command to start for every user that logs in.

   This  is the easiest approach to autostarting of rclone, but it offers no functionality to set it to run as different user, or to set conditions
   or actions on certain events.  Setting up a scheduled task as described below will often give you better results.

Start from Task Scheduler

   Task Scheduler is an administrative tool built into Windows, and it can be used to configure rclone to be started automatically in a highly con‐
   figurable  way, e.g.  periodically on a schedule, on user log on, or at system startup.  It can run be configured to run as the current user, or
   for a mount command that needs to be available to all users it can run as the SYSTEM user.  For technical information,  see  https://docs.micro‐
   soft.com/windows/win32/taskschd/task-scheduler-start-page.

Run as service

   For  running  rclone  at system startup, you can create a Windows service that executes your rclone command, as an alternative to scheduled task
   configured to run at startup.

Mount command built-in service integration

   For mount commands, Rclone has a built-in Windows service integration via the third-party WinFsp library it uses.  Registering as a regular Win‐
   dows service easy, as you just have to execute the built-in PowerShell command New-Service (requires administrative privileges).

   Example  of  a PowerShell command that creates a Windows service for mounting some remote:/files as drive letter X:, for all users (service will
   be running as the local system account):

          New-Service -Name Rclone -BinaryPathName 'c:\rclone\rclone.exe mount remote:/files X: --config c:\rclone\config\rclone.conf --log-file c:\rclone\logs\mount.txt'

   The WinFsp service infrastructure (https://github.com/billziss-gh/winfsp/wiki/WinFsp-Service-Architecture) supports incorporating  services  for
   file system implementations, such as rclone, into its own launcher service, as kind of "child services".  This has the additional advantage that
   it also implements a network provider that integrates into Windows standard methods for managing network drives.  This is  currently  not  offi‐
   cially  supported  by Rclone, but with WinFsp version 2019.3 B2 / v1.5B2 or later it should be possible through path rewriting as described here
   (https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/3340).

Third-party service integration

   To Windows service running any rclone command, the excellent third-party utility NSSM (http://nssm.cc), the "Non-Sucking Service  Manager",  can
   be  used.  It includes some advanced features such as adjusting process periority, defining process environment variables, redirect to file any‐
   thing written to stdout, and customized response to different exit codes, with a GUI to configure everything from (although it can also be  used
   from command line ).

   There  are  also  several  other alternatives.  To mention one more, WinSW (https://github.com/winsw/winsw), "Windows Service Wrapper", is worth
   checking out.  It requires .NET Framework, but it is preinstalled on newer versions of Windows, and it also provides alternative standalone dis‐
   tributions  which includes necessary runtime (.NET 5).  WinSW is a command-line only utility, where you have to manually create an XML file with
   service configuration.  This may be a drawback for some, but it can also be an advantage as it is easy to back up and re-use  the  configuration
   settings,  without  having go through manual steps in a GUI.  One thing to note is that by default it does not restart the service on error, one
   have to explicit enable this in the configuration file (via the "onfailure" parameter).

Autostart on Linux Start as a service

   To always run rclone in background, relevant for mount commands etc, you can use systemd to set up rclone as a system or user service.   Running
   as a system service ensures that it is run at startup even if the user it is running as has no active session.  Running rclone as a user service
   ensures that it only starts after the configured user has logged into the system.

Run periodically from cron

   To run a periodic command, such as a copy/sync, you can set up a cron job.

Usage

   Rclone is a command line program to manage files on cloud storage.  After download (https://rclone.org/downloads/) and install, continue here to
   learn how to use it: Initial configuration, what the basic syntax looks like, describes the various subcommands, the various options, and more.

Configure

   First,  you'll  need  to configure rclone.  As the object storage systems have quite complicated authentication these are kept in a config file.
   (See the --config entry for how to find the config file and choose its location.)

   The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config option:

          rclone config

   See the following for detailed instructions for

   • 1Fichier (https://rclone.org/fichier/)

   • Akamai Netstorage (https://rclone.org/netstorage/)

   • Alias (https://rclone.org/alias/)

   • Amazon Drive (https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/)

   • Amazon S3 (https://rclone.org/s3/)

   • Backblaze B2 (https://rclone.org/b2/)

   • Box (https://rclone.org/box/)

   • Chunker (https://rclone.org/chunker/) - transparently splits large files for other remotes

   • Citrix ShareFile (https://rclone.org/sharefile/)

   • Compress (https://rclone.org/compress/)

   • Crypt (https://rclone.org/crypt/) - to encrypt other remotes

   • DigitalOcean Spaces (https://rclone.org/s3/#digitalocean-spaces)

   • Digi Storage (https://rclone.org/koofr/#digi-storage)

   • Dropbox (https://rclone.org/dropbox/)

   • Enterprise File Fabric (https://rclone.org/filefabric/)

   • FTP (https://rclone.org/ftp/)

   • Google Cloud Storage (https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/)

   • Google Drive (https://rclone.org/drive/)

   • Google Photos (https://rclone.org/googlephotos/)

   • Hasher (https://rclone.org/hasher/) - to handle checksums for other remotes

   • HDFS (https://rclone.org/hdfs/)

   • HTTP (https://rclone.org/http/)

   • Hubic (https://rclone.org/hubic/)

   • Jottacloud (https://rclone.org/jottacloud/)

   • Koofr (https://rclone.org/koofr/)

   • Mail.ru Cloud (https://rclone.org/mailru/)

   • Mega (https://rclone.org/mega/)

   • Memory (https://rclone.org/memory/)

   • Microsoft Azure Blob Storage (https://rclone.org/azureblob/)

   • Microsoft OneDrive (https://rclone.org/onedrive/)

   • OpenStack Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset Memstore (https://rclone.org/swift/)

   • OpenDrive (https://rclone.org/opendrive/)

   • Pcloud (https://rclone.org/pcloud/)

   • premiumize.me (https://rclone.org/premiumizeme/)

   • put.io (https://rclone.org/putio/)

   • QingStor (https://rclone.org/qingstor/)

   • Seafile (https://rclone.org/seafile/)

   • SFTP (https://rclone.org/sftp/)

   • Sia (https://rclone.org/sia/)

   • Storj (https://rclone.org/storj/)

   • SugarSync (https://rclone.org/sugarsync/)

   • Union (https://rclone.org/union/)

   • Uptobox (https://rclone.org/uptobox/)

   • WebDAV (https://rclone.org/webdav/)

   • Yandex Disk (https://rclone.org/yandex/)

   • Zoho WorkDrive (https://rclone.org/zoho/)

   • The local filesystem (https://rclone.org/local/)